Testing techniques

The types of  Testing techniques fall in to 2 types.

• Static:
  - This type of testing techniques are applied before any test execution on any Software/Application.
  - This is also called as "Non-execution" technique.
  - Usually Static testing techniques is done in form of Documents with even source code, HLD/LLD documents, Functional specifications etc.
• Dynamic:
  - This type of testing technique is applied during the test execution on any Software/Application.

Lets see about Dynamic types of testing techniques.
Dynamic types of testing techniques is again sub-divided in to 3 types.

1. Structure-Based
2. Experience-Based
3. Specification-Based

The three specification based techniques are

1. Equivalence Class Partitioning
2. Boundary Value Analysis
3. Decision Table

1. Equivalence Class Partitioning [ECP]:
Testing cannot be done with all possible input conditions for validating any UI element, feature.

For example if a text box needs to tested whether is accepts from 1-60 characters, here testing is not possible with all numbers between 1 & 60. 

So, we can divide the range in to partitions, take one from each possible partition and test that particular text box.

• ECP is a specification based Black-box testing technique. 
• The intent of this technique is to divide the set of input conditions int to equal parts which are equal.
• Equivalence Partitions are also known as equivalence classes.
• This technique requires to take one input from each and if that not works we assume that any other input from that class does not work.

2. Boundary value analysis[BVA]:

In any application it is most likely common that error occurs at boundaries.

Boundary Value Analysis is also a specification based Black-box testing technique.  It is mainly based on testing the boundaries between the classes/partitions.

Boundary value is nothing but a edge value, that may be minimum or maximum value of a range.

Example; If a Text box accepts the range of 1-100 characters. Then the boundary values for this range would be   0,1,100,101.

Invalid          |      Valid   |    Invalid
  0                |1         100| 101

3. Decision Table:

In addition to the above both techniques which mainly focuses on the UI validation, Decision Table with all possible combinations focuses on the Logical values.

Decision Table is a type of Black-Box testing used to design the test cases with different combination of input's.
In this type of testing technique a table is designed with set of combinations and conditions.

Decision table looks like